Translated into English as 'mad-apple', 'rage-apple', or 'raging apple', this name for eggplants is attested from 1578 and the form 'mad-apple' may still be found in Southern American English. Scientific Name Polyphagotarsonemus latus. 10. Though difficult to see in plants, thrips can be seen by shaking flowers and new foliage over a white sheet of paper. Four years should separate successive crops of eggplants to reduce pest pressure. 02 Insect and Mite Pests Diversity in the Important Vegetable crops Ecos stems In Ban ladesh j Table 1. [56], The potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) is an oligophagous insect that prefers to feed on plants of the family Solanaceae such as eggplants. The life cycle is completed in 20-25 days. [29], The plant is also known as guinea squash in Southern American English. Bryobinae Berlese Bryobini Reck Hystrichonychini Pritchard & Baker Petrobiini Reck Tetranychinae Berlese Tenuipalpoidini Pritchard & Baker Tetranychini Reck Spider mites are members of the Acari family Tetranychidae, which includes about 1,200 species. "'egg-plant, n." OED Online, Oxford University Press, July 2018, Unless otherwise stated, material in this section derives from. The eggplant is quite often featured in the older scientific literature under the junior synonyms S. ovigerum and S. trongum. [26] Bāḏinjān is itself a loan-word in Arabic, whose earliest traceable origins lie in the Dravidian languages. Some other cultivars are white and longer in shape. All mites have needle-like piercing-sucking mouthparts. From Arabic, the word was borrowed into European languages. In Chinese cuisine, eggplants are known as qiézi (茄子). 500 eggs in soil, 6-7 days.Grub: 30-45 days; Pupa: Pupates in soil in earthern cocoons; Adult: 10-12 days. Parmigiana di melanzane, eggplant parmesan. In Iranian cuisine, it is blended with whey as kashk e bademjan, tomatoes as mirza ghassemi, or made into stew as khoresht-e-bademjan. brinjal has significant amounts of phenolic flavonoid phytochemicals called Corresponding Author: ... Eggplants are attacked by several insect pests and mites right from the nursery stage to till harvesting including L. orbonalis (Guenee); ... Scientific name Solanum … Yield losses can be severe for both peppers and eggplant. Mites associated with cutaneous reactions Scientific name Common name(s) Disease(s) caused and/or transmitted Acarus siro: Flour mite: Baker's itch: Glyciphagus domesticus: Grocer's itch: Carpoglyphus passularum: The first known written record of the plant is found in Qimin Yaoshu, an ancient Chinese agricultural treatise completed in 544 C.E. Elsewhere in China, such as in Yunnan cuisine (in particular the cuisine of the Dai people) they are barbecued or roasted, then split and either eaten directly with garlic, chilli, oil and coriander, or the flesh is removed and pounded to a mash (typically with a wooden pestle and mortar) before being eaten with rice or other dishes. Brinjals are highly nutritious. Bt brinjal is a transgenic eggplant that contains a gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. It is frequently, but not always, cooked with fat. M. subfasciatus: Brown; M. discolor: Brown and white spots M. viridanus: Small light green weevil, Apply lindane 1.3 D before planting @ 25 kg/ha. Brinjal derived its name during the 16th and 17th centuries from the Portuguese word beringela. In Andalusia, eggplant is mostly cooked thinly sliced, deep-fried in olive oil and served hot with honey (berenjenas a la Cordobesa). Figure 7. The Indic word vātiṅ-gaṇa was then borrowed into Persian as bādingān. [60] 2 Eggplant is widely used in its native India, for example in sambar (a tamarind lentil stew), dalma (a dal preparation with vegetables, native to Odisha), chutney, curry, and achaar (a pickled dish). Mites which cannot bite humans may also transmit disease or cause allergies. Rinsing, draining, and salting the sliced fruit before cooking may remove the bitterness. It is grown for its edible fruit. Semiwild types can grow much larger, to 225 cm (7 ft 5 in), with large leaves over 30 cm (12 in) long and 15 cm (6 in) broad. Spider mites, red spider mites. They are steamed, stir-fried, or pan-fried and eaten as banchan (side dishes), such as namul, bokkeum, and jeon. 1. The different species are difficult to tell apart; they need to be examined using a high power microscope. The scientific name for eggplant is Solanum melongena. 20 Tamil name… [53], Spacing should be 45 to 60 cm (18 to 24 in) between plants, depending on cultivar, and 60 to 90 cm (24 to 35 in) between rows, depending on the type of cultivation equipment being used. The plant species is believed to have originated in India, where it continues to grow wild,[10] or in Africa. Common North American pests include the potato beetles, flea beetles, aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites. Penne with eggplant and basil in yogurt-tomato sauce. Chinese Journal of Entomology. In a dish from Maharashtra called bharli vangi, small brinjals are stuffed with ground coconut, peanuts, onions, tamarind, jaggery and masala spices, and then cooked in oil. A few proteins and at least one secondary metabolite have been identified as potential allergens. Preferred Scientific Name. For this reason, it should generally not be planted in areas previously occupied by its close relatives. Maharashtrian Vangi Bhat recipe. One group, known as two-spotted mites, is the most common, infesting over 200 species of plants. Capsicum broad mite. On wild plants, the fruit is less than 3 cm (1 1⁄4 in) in diameter; in cultivated forms: 30 cm (12 in) or more in length are possible for long, narrow types or the large fat purple ones common to the West. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Imperial examination in Chinese mythology, https://tompepinsky.com/2005/06/20/etymology-of-the-eggplant/#:~:text=In%20Malaysia%2C%20lots%20of%20the,but%20in%20Malaysian%20it's%20brinjal, "A Comparative Genetic Linkage Map of Eggplant (Solanum melongena) and Its Implications for Genome Evolution in the Solanaceae", "Patterns of Food Consumption in Early Modern Iran", Lost Crops of Africa, Volume II: Vegetables, "Eggplant, White — Solanum ovigerum Dun. Solanum melongena is grown worldwide for its edible fruit.. [16], Because of the plant's relationship with various other nightshades, the fruit was at one time believed to be extremely poisonous. This was used by Tournefort as a genus name in 1700, then by Linnaeus as a species name in 1753. Brinjal is the name of a fruit belonging to the Solanales order and the Solanum genus. The term brinjal is less common that is heard in countries like India. Below is a listing of several common insects by both their name and by their assigned scientific name. [64], The eggplant has a long history of taxonomic confusion with the scarlet and Ethiopian eggplants (Solanum aethiopicum), known as gilo and nakati, respectively, and described by Linnaeus as S. aethiopicum. The flowers and leaves can be poisonous if consumed in large quantities due to the presence of solanine. Some cultivars have a color gradient—white at the stem, to bright pink, deep purple or even black. Brinjal is also exported in the fresh or frozen form. Little leaf of brinjal is known to cause heavy economic losses in India. [14] Records exist from later medieval Catalan and Spanish.[15]. * According to FAO in 2012, China ranks first in the production of brinjal (58% of world output) and India ranks second(25%), contributing 13557.8 million tonnes to the world production. This testifies the great diversity of the insect and mite pests in … Another version of the dish, begun-pora (eggplant charred or burnt), is very popular in Bangladesh and the east Indian states of Odisha and West Bengal where the pulp of the vegetable is mixed with raw chopped shallot, green chilies, salt, fresh coriander, and mustard oil. It is commonly found at low densities in southern California and San Joaquin Valley growing regions. The term guinea in the name originally denoted the fact that the fruits were associated with West Africa. Eggplant can be hollowed out and stuffed with meat, rice, or other fillings, and then baked. Distribution. Notching of leaf margins by adults. Grubs feeds on roots resulting in wilting and death of plants. Its thin skin is also edible, and so it does not have to be peeled. Log in. Perhaps the best-known Turkish eggplant dishes are imam bayıldı (vegetarian) and karnıyarık (with minced meat). Eggplant (US,[1] Australia,[2] New Zealand, anglophone Canada), aubergine (UK,[3] Ireland, Quebec, and most of mainland Western Europe) or brinjal (South Asia, Malaysia, South Africa)[4][5] is a plant species in the nightshade family Solanaceae. As a member of the genus Solanum, it is related to the tomato, chili pepper, and potato, although they are new world and the eggplant, like nightshade, is old world. It can be sliced and deep-fried, then served with plain yogurt (optionally topped with a tomato and garlic sauce), such as in the Turkish dish patlıcan kızartması (meaning fried aubergines), or without yogurt, as in patlıcan şakşuka. However, the green part at the top, the calyx, does have to be removed when preparing an eggplant for cooking. Eggplant is used in the cuisines of many countries. During 11th and 12th meteorological week similar trends of least and maximum population of Pusaupakar and Pant bahar were recorded. Over 175 species of insect and mite pests have been recorded from the vegetable crops ecosystems with their common and scientific names, orders, families and pest status (key / major, minor and occasional). Flowers are complete, containing both female and male structures, and may be self- or cross-pollinated.[54]. 19 Malay name: Terong manis (sweet brinjal), terong china (Chinese brinjal), terong ungu (purple brinjal), terong rapoh, terong puteh (white brinjal), terong biru (blue brinjal), terong hijau (green brinjal). Also known as anglophone, aubergine, brinjal, or in the Philippines “talong”, it is a plantunder the nightshade family Solanaceae. Sometimes fried tomatoes and deep-fried potatoes are also added, creating a dish called begun bhorta. Among the arthropod pests of brinjal, the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus Channabasavanna is the main threat next to shoot and fruit borer (Basu and Pramanik, 1968). [9] In 2018, China and India combined accounted for 87% of the world production of eggplants. It can be stuffed. Attested Greek forms include ματιζάνιον (matizanion, eleventh-century), μελιντζάνα (melintzana, fourteenth-century), and μελιντζάνιον (melintzanion, seventeenth-century). In English usage, modern names deriving from Arabic bāḏinjān include: All the aubergine-type names have the same origin, in the Dravidian languages. Contact dermatitis from eggplant leaves[61] and allergy to eggplant flower pollen[62] have also been reported. In the La Mancha region of central Spain, a small eggplant is pickled in vinegar, paprika, olive oil, and red peppers. A Spanish dish called escalivada in Catalonia calls for strips of roasted aubergine, sweet pepper, onion, and tomato. It belongs to the family Solanaceae. Modern descendants of this ancient Dravidian word include Malayalam vaṟutina and Tamil vaṟutuṇai. It has amazing nutritional facts and health benefits. A 2008 study of a sample of 741 people in India, where eggplant is commonly consumed, found nearly 10% reported some allergic symptoms after consuming eggplant, with 1.4% showing symptoms within two hours. All spider mites spin fine strands of webbing on the host plant — hence their name. Take a close look at the stalk; if it is stout, firm, and green; that means the fruit is fresh. Always avoid over-mature, old-stock, and sunken eggplants as they tastebitter and, therefore, unappetizing. Other Names of Eggplant. Through the colonial expansion of Portugal, the Portuguese form bringella was borrowed into a variety of other languages: Thus although Indian English brinjal ultimately originates in languages of the Indian Subcontinent, it actually came into Indian English via Portuguese. It may also be roasted in its skin until charred, so the pulp can be removed and blended with other ingredients, such as lemon, tahini, and garlic, as in the Arab baba ghanoush and the similar Greek melitzanosalata. [45] However the most popular eggplant dish is tortang talong, an omelette made from grilling an eggplant, dipping it into beaten eggs, and pan-frying the mixture. BRINJAL :: MAJOR PESTS :: ASH WEEVILS. Scopoli's S. zeylanicum refers to the eggplant, and that of Blanco to S. [32][33], On 9 February 2010, the Environment Ministry of India imposed a moratorium on the cultivation of Bt brinjal after protests against regulatory approval of cultivated Bt brinjal in 2009, stating the moratorium would last "for as long as it is needed to establish public trust and confidence". [17], The eggplant has a special place in folklore. Like the tomato, its skin and seeds can be eaten, but, like the potato, it is usually eaten cooked. Tsao and Lo in "Vegetables: Types and Biology". Brinjal Pests and Diseases (Eggplant): Let us discuss today Brinjal Pests and Diseases, symptoms, and their control methods.. Diseases of Brinjal: Damping off: This disease causes severe damage to the plants. Eggplant, Auberigine, Brinjal. Join now. Also, Asian cultivars of Japanese breeding are grown. However, Solanum incanum and cockroach berry (S. capsicoides), other eggplant-like nightshades described by Linnaeus and Allioni, respectively, were occasionally considered eggplant varieties, but this is not correct. Many eggplant dishes are sauces made by mashing the cooked fruit. In some cases the The scientific name of Brinjal is Solanum melongena. Shoot and Fruit borer . Eggplant prefers hot weather, and when grown in cold climates or in areas with low humidity, the plants languish or fail to set and produce mature fruit. Click here to get an answer to your question ️ Give the scientific name of brinjal. Mulching helps conserve moisture and prevent weeds and fungal diseases and the plants benefit from some shade during the hottest part of the day. 19 million was exported mainly to UK, Netherland, Saudi Arabia and Middle East countries (DGCIS, 2008) 2. [34] Bt brinjal was approved for commercial cultivation in Bangladesh in 2013.[35]. [51][52] Seeds are typically started eight to 10 weeks prior to the anticipated frost-free date. ... scientific names of the insect and mite pest species. About 60 synonyms included under this species have compounded the controversy. The Greek loans took a variety of forms, but crucially they began with m-, partly because Greek lacked the initial b- sound and partly through folk-etymological association with the Greek word μέλας (melas), 'black'. Join now. The twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticaeKoch, has been controversial in its taxonomic placement. Common Scientific name name TAXONOMY AND GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN 2.1 Taxonomy Brinjal belongs to the family Solanaceae and is known under the botanical name Solanum melongena L. However, since eggplants can be particularly susceptible to pests such as whiteflies, they are sometimes grown with slightly less susceptible plants, such as chili pepper, as a sacrificial trap crop. Ash weevils: Myllocerus subfasciatus, M. discolor, M. viridanus, M. maculosus (Curculionidae: Coleoptera). Crop: Brinjal. A Levantine specialty is makdous, another pickling of eggplants, stuffed with red peppers and walnuts in olive oil. Petioles are so short that leaves seem to be glued to the stem. Its numerous seeds are small, soft and edible, along with the rest of the fruit, and do not have to be removed. Traditional, white-skinned, egg-shaped cultivars include 'Casper' and 'Easter Egg'. ... Other Names of Eggplant. Solanum trongum Poir. Hindi – बैंगन(baingan). Due to its texture and bulk, it is sometimes used as a meat substitute in vegan and vegetarian cuisines. An actual S. violaceum, an unrelated plant described by Ortega, included Dunal's S. amblymerum and was often confused with the same author's S. What is Brinjal? 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Low amounts of essential nutrients, with only manganese having a moderate percentage ( 11 % ) of the spider. California and San Joaquin Valley growing regions Records that between 1797 and 1888, the green part at stalk! Major pests:: MAJOR pests:: MAJOR pests:: ash weevils: Myllocerus subfasciatus, discolor... 19 million was exported mainly to UK, Netherland, Saudi Arabia and Middle East (. Moisture and prevent weeds and fungal diseases and the Solanum genus Pusaupakar and Pant bahar were recorded to UK Netherland.
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