Physiology and Phenology Nelson G, 1996. The most common variety of vitex used medicinally is chaste tree, which produces chasteberry (Vitex agnus-catus), a small brown berry fruit about the size of peppercorn. Beach Vitex News and Archives. http://www.clemson.edu/extension/hgic/pests/weeds/hgic2315.html. Vitex rotundifolia Family Lamiaceae Scientific Name Vitex rotundifolia L.f. Linnaeus, C. von filius (1782) Supplementum Plantarum : 294. A. pumilus is an effective sand binder, building small dunes where it grows on sparsely vegetated lower foredunes and upper strands of non-eroding beaches. St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. USDA-APHIS, 2013. [31] At present in the United States, beach vitex has become naturalized only in southeastern states along the east and gulf coasts.[33]. In the southeastern USA, V. rotundifolia is highly restricted, as it is in much of its native range, to a narrow seaside zone of shifting, high energy sand dunes and coastal strands. [9] As a result of this reorganization, two monophyletic families were established from the paraphyletic Verbenaceae and polyphyletic Lamiaceae. Please use https://www.cabi.org/ISC for full site. -> Vitex negundo L. A; Vitex cannabifolia Siebold & Zucc. Within the Lamiaceae, Vitex is placed in the polyphyletic subfamily Viticoideae along with Gmelina, Callicarpa, Premna, Cornutia and other relatives (Judd et al., 2002). Wallingford, UK: CABI, CABI, Undated b. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(2):409-415. http://pubs.acs.org/journals/jafcau/index.html, FLAS, 2014. https://science.naturalis.nl/en/collection/naturalis-collections/botany/, LE, 2016. [30][31] The plant has also been observed in southern India. Papohaku, Molokai, Hawaii, USA. Allow the plants to stay intact for 6 months following treatment. Occasionally, leaf apexes are acute or emarginate. Saint Petersburg, Russia. Flowers are borne in indeterminate panicles that may be terminal or axillary. Invasive Plant Science and Management, 3(3):327-333. http://www.wssa.net, Cousins MM; Gresham CA; Riley MB; Whitwell T, 2009. A recent example demonstrated that the flavonoid vitexicarpin significantly reduced vascular inflammation, which leads to atherosclerosis, by inhibiting adhesion molecules that injure the vascular endothelial cells (Lee et al., 2012).Environmental Services US Fish and Wildife Service, 2009. Due to the variable regulations around (de)registration of pesticides, your national list of registered pesticides or relevant authority should be consulted to determine which products are legally allowed for use in your country when considering chemical control. Endosperm is absent. -> Vitex negundo L. var. Molokai: Papohaku, Kaula ili, [43] In June 2020 Florida also banned V. rotundifolia, making it illegal to purchase in Florida or to move it into or within the state. Cancer Letters, 208(1):59-64. Kobayakawa J; Sato-Nishimori F; Moriyasu M; Matsukawa Y, 2004. Invasive Plant Science and Management, 3(3):340-345. http://www.wssa.net, Cousins MM; Briggs J; Whitwell T; Gresham C; Whetstone J, 2010. http://www.binran.ru/. Beltsville, Maryland, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. [36] The physical dormancy mechanism is believed to be inforced at least in part by cuticular alkanes that prevent water penetration. Investigating lag phase and invasion potential of Vitex rotundifolia: a coastal dune exotic. al, 2009), but has only been known to escape cultivation, grow aggressively, and invade natural habitats along sandy, energy driven coastlines. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx, USDA-NRCS, 2016. (2007) used molecular markers to reveal a pattern of genetic variation that aligned with a pattern of medicinal chemical constitutes from the fruits. Online image request form. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 50(9):1118-1129. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/jipb, Imada C, 2012. A common sandy seashore species in Japan, V. rotundifolia also occurs inland at Lake Biwa, an ancient freshwater lake that was established ca. Flowers zygomorphic with short pedicels; pedicels densely glandular and tomentose, 0.5-2 mm long; bracteoles linear, 1-2.5 mm long. Vitex and all other members of the family Verbenaceae save those in the subfamily Verbenoideae were recently moved to the family Lamiaceae. Leaf veins are lighter green than surrounding tissue. The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. Recent revisions of the genus Vitex have placed V. rotundifolia in synonymy with V. trifolia subsp. http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2, Florida Museum of Natural History, 2015. Atlanta, Georgia, USA: Southern Nursery Association, 531-533. San Diego, USA: Academic Press, xiv+666 pp. It is related to, but distinct from and thereby not synonymous with Vitex trifolia L. (Wagner et al., 1999). These cultivars have undergone successful trials at Longwood Gardens. Sarasota, Florida, USA: Pineapple Press. Vitex is technically the name for the largest genus in the family Verbenaceae, which comprises 250 species distributed all over the world. Along the Atlantic coastal beaches of southeastern USA, large revenues have been spent in eradicating and/or managing invasive populations. Type: Japan, Thunberg s.n. Stamens exserted, connate to the corolla-tube; filaments filiform, the anterior pair 7-9 mm long, the lateral pair 6.5-8 mm long; anthers elliptic-oblong in outline, ± 1 mm long, lobes oblong, free and divergent in the lower half. Song CS, 1989. Two to five, or less years may be expected before an individual matures to reproduce by flowering and fruit (USDA-APHIS, 2013). Leaves [33], CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, "Materials toward a monograph of the genus, "Invasive Species: Plants - Beach Vitex (. Introduction. Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States. Raleigh, North Carolina, USA: Plant Industry Division - Plant Protection Section. simplicifolia. Please consider upgrading your browser to the latest version or installing a new browser. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Botanical Name: Vitex rotundifolia; Common Name: Beach Vitex, Monk's Pepper, Roundleaf chaste tree, Pohinahina (Hawaii) Cultivar: N/A; Family: Lamiaceae; Vitex rotundifolia . Population genetic structure of the medicinal plant Vitex rotundifolia in China: implications for its use and conservation. FLEPPC Plant List Committee Documentation of the Criteria used in Determination of Category I and Category II Invasive Species. http://www.fws.gov/northeast/endangered/PDF/Piping_Plover_five_year_review_and_summary.pdf. Flowers are zygomorphic, purple to blue-purple, and short pedunculate. It has been used for medicinal purposes throughout its native range. Beijing, China: Chinese Forestry Press. Within a few years, it spread to natural beaches and undeveloped islands. Virginia has enacted a permanent statewide quarantine (effective 05/07/12) to limit further V. rotundifolia spread. There is substantial supportive evidence of a water-based dispersal mechanism for beach vitex fruits. Stems prostrate to creeping, rooting at the nodes. Nui Chua National Park, Ninh Hai Distr., Vinh Hai Municipality, Vill. http://www.nyis.info/user_uploads/bf8f1_Vitex.rotundifolia.NYS.pdf. http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/herbarium/cat/, Florida Natural Areas Inventory, 2016. About 18 species are known in cultivation. Vitex rotundifolia (beach vitex, Pohinahina); habit. http://www.fleppc.org/list/2015FLEPPCLIST-LARGEFORMAT-FINAL.pdf, Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2016. Throughout its widespread native range V. rotundifolia demonstrates a good deal of variability including leaf shape and the number of leaflets. [48][49], Initially, beach vitex stems are wounded using a machete. http://www.issg.org/database/welcome/. at the top, 5-ribbed outside with 5 short teeth at the top; glandular and silky-tomentose outside, glabrous within. Kanaha Beach, Maui, Hawaii, USA. Continuing to use www.cabi.org Ecological Impact. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. Florida, USA: Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. http://www.nyis.info/user_uploads/bf8f1_Vitex.rotundifolia.NYS.pdf, Gresham CA, 2015. The occasional occurrence of simple leaves in V. trifolia and trifoliolate leaves in V. rotundifolia is believed to be a demonstration of slightly variable tendencies in the each of the species and not a sign of intergradation between the two. by Mabberley, D. Beach vitex (Vitex rotundifolia): an invasive coastal species. Beach vitex is native to sandy coastal areas (e.g., beaches, rocky shorelines and sand dunes) in Japan, eastern Asia, Southeast Asia and India plus along the shorelines in a large number of Pacific islands. It produces a wide, branching canopy over a single, 12-20 m tall trunk and is exploited from the wild for timber or cultivated for shade (Lorenzi et al., 2006). Each drupe contains a maximum of four seeds though there are usually fewer as a result of seed abortion. It does not grow on well-vegetated sites and so cannot tolerate competition by V. rotundifolia. [3] The majority of leaves are simple, but they can occasionally be palmate trifoliate or 2-leaved. More recently, ISSR microsatellite markers have been developed to investigate genetic diversity and population structure of V. rotundifolia in its native range. Atlantic coast: Nassau Co., Fort Clinch State Park; St. Johns Co., Ponte Vedra Beach; Volusia Co. New Smyrna Beach. Vitex rotundifolia. Missouri Botanical Garden. This results in intense sand hydrophobicity that persists in the soil for many years. Triclopyr has also been successful when used on seedlings and small-caliper resprouts (Cousins et al., 2010b). Within a few years, it spread to natural beaches and undeveloped islands. The leaf characteristics are intermediate between the two parent plants while the blue-purple flower color of the parents persists in the hybrid. Biological Invasions, 17(4):1041-1054. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10530-014-0774-2. Murren CJ; Purvis KG; Glasgow D; Messervy J; Penrod M; Strand AE, 2014. Chesterfield, MO 63017 The name of the genus is the Latin name given by Pliny to the Chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus L.), coming from the Latin verb “vieo” = to bind, to tie, with reference to the use of the branches for fabricating baskets; the specific name is the combination of the Latin numeral adjective “tres” = three and of the substantive “ folium, ii” = leaf. 2009, Baskin CC; Baskin JM, 1998. Faust Park, 15193 Olive Blvd. It has been introduced to the USA where it has been reported as detrimental to dune ecosystems in seven of the southeastern states since the early 2000s. )Hand.-Mazz. [4] Petiole bases are typically somewhat purple and measure 0 to 1 cm in length. Biological Invasions. [42], Vitex rotundifolia fruits have been shown to transfer cuticular alkanes to the sand substrate. Severely alters native habitat by dominating primary dune areas with dense, sprawling, perennial, woody cover (Beach Vitex Task Force, 2013). As a product of its rapid nodal rooting, the plant can form dense mats reaching in excess of 10 m from the parent plant. beach vitex in English chasteberry in language. Growing characteristics and propagation of Vitex rotundifolia for development of rehabilitation plant in seaboard area. http://www.ncagr.gov/plantindustry/plant/weed/noxweed.htm, Ohtsuki T; Shoda T; Kaneko Y; Setoguchi H, 2014. 400 mya and harbors coastal plant taxa (Setoguchi et al., 2010). University of Florida Herbarium Collections Catalog. National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology Herbarium. Other Names. Beach vitex (Vitex rotundifolia): an invasive coastal species. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. Ploidy level is 2n = 32, 34*.[3]. Vitex rotundifolia L prevented airway eosinophilic inflammation and airway remodelling in an ovalbumin-induced asthma mouse model. [45] V. rotundifolia was one of the six highest emitting species of 33 possessing this characteristic. Florida, USA: Florida Natural Areas Inventory. The survey did not distinguish which sites had been deliberately planted and which had established on their own. In: Flora of China. http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/herbarium/cat/, FLEPPC, 2014. Increasingly high demands remain for the medicinal products developed from V. rotundifolia in China (Hu et al., 2007). Gao X; Chen G, 2015. In southeastern USA, two small Vitex tree species preceded the naturalization of V. rotundifolia, both having escaped horticultural planting. There it was promoted for stabilizing shore dunes while at the same time providing unusual flowers and foliage to the landscape. [10] This new classification scheme was initially proposed by Cantino in 1992. The plant was observed by Munir from Northern and Western Australia, New Guinea, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Polynesia, Hawaii, Malaya, Philippines, and Hong Kong. Fruits may remain attached to the plant into the early spring. There were large genetic differences between populations, indicating there is limited gene flow between populations. Scientific Name Vitex rotundifolia L.f. Linnaeus, C. von filius (1782) Supplementum Plantarum: 294. Corolla purplish-mauve to lilac-blue; tubular below, tube abruptly spreading, 2-lipped and 5-lobed above; glandular and silky-tomentose outside, villous inside the tube and on the lower half of the large anterior lobe of the lower-lip; the anterior lobe broadly elliptic or almost orbicular in outline, glabrous in the upper inner half and along the periphery outside, 3-5 (-6) mm long, 3-5 mm broad; the two lateral lobes more or less oblong-elliptic or elliptic-ovate, 2-3 (-4) mm long, 1.5-3 (-3.5) mm broad at the base; the two lobes of the upper lip oblong-ovate, 2-3 (-4) mm long, 1.5-3 (-3.5) mm broad. Like most websites we use cookies. Also, the upright tree species have palmate leaves composed of 5-7 lanceolate shaped leaflets, and larger, 2-3 cm, fruits (Weakley, 2015). Because V. rotuntifolia is not prohibited by the USA federal government, interstate trade remains without regulation and the flow of new genotypes into the country remains uninterrupted. Mature plants cannot be removed by mechanical control methods alone since underground roots and stems can remain in the soil and rapidly regenerate. A recent USA Today article mentioned these concerns as part of an effort to raise awareness of V. rotundifolia,[44] and has at least one review article. In: Banisteria, 34 45-47. Four stamens are didynamous and extend beyond the corolla tube (measuring 9 to 10 mm). Hu Yuan; Zhang QiaoYan; Xin HaiLiang; Qin LuPing; Lu BaoRong; Rahman K; Zheng HanChen, 2007. Scientific Name; VIOV2: Vitex ovata Thunb. Its range includes continents and islands stretching from India east to Hawaii and from Korea south to Australia. Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. Georgia Department of Natural Resources, 2009. http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/publications/pdf/tr60.pdf, Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States, 2015. This woody perennial plant typically grows approxima Vitex rotundifolia, commonly known as beach vitex, is a low, woody, perennial shrub with branches that can run for many meters. Encourages dune erosion and reduced dune profile due to its non-fibrous taproot which extends vertically with minimal branching. Revised edition. More recently, it was imported to the eastern United States where it has become a seashore invasive. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx, Wunderlin RP, Hansen BF, 2015. Park C; Park E, 2001. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that flavonoids isolated from V. rotundifolia, have anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and analgesic properties (Kobayakawa et al., 2004; Bae et al., 2013; Gao and Chen, 2015). [29], This plant's natural range includes much of the Pacific Rim and many of the Pacific islands. Patterns in germination of this and related species (Murren et al., 2014) suggest the influence of physical and physiological dormancy in the seed (Cousins et al., 2010b). Vitex rotundifolia (beach vitex, Pohinahina); colonizing habit. http://www.florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/, BISH, 2016. [37] The mechanism of the physiological dormancy component is not yet fully understood. Potential Invaders of Non-native, Invasive Plants in Delaware. The vitex species are deciduous shrubs. In: Proceedings of the 50th Annual Southern Nursery Association Research Conference. Sea-beach amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus) is a US Federally Threatened plant species that can be outcompeted by V. rotundifolia (Westbrooks and Madsen, 2006). Vitex trifolia var. Vitex rotundifolia. [11] Subsequent cpDNA analysis,[12] rbcL sequence analysis,[13] chemotaxonomic studies,[14][15] and morphological analyses [16] have supported the original logic for family reorganization. The widespread adaptability of V. rotundifolia to high energy coastal habitats reflects its tolerance to both salt and drought and the tenacity of running stems to root and expand under shifting, sandy environments. Inland to Putnam County, central Florida, the species has been known to hang on for years in an abandoned garden, with no indication of invasive tendencies (Whitten 4072b [FLAS]). Hoolawa Farms, Maui, Hawaii, USA. The Carolinas are home to a number of sea turtle species which are either US Federally Endangered or Threatened, including: loggerhead (Caretta caretta), green turtle (Chelonia mydas), Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii)leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea), and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricate)(Cousins et al., 2010b; ISSG, 2016). Fruit a globose fleshy drupe. Reestablishment potential of beach vitex (Vitex rotundifolia) after removal and control efforts. > 0°C, dry winters), Possibly still available for sale by some botanical gardens, but the extent is unknown, Coastal storm surges, including hurricanes, along SE coast of USA, A single new population accidentally established from cuttings disposed of on sandy soils, Monocultures and spread followed deliberate plantings made at beach dune restoration sites, Salt tolerant, low growing, attractive. Vitex rotundifolia, the roundleaf chastetree or beach vitex is a species of Vitex that is native to seashores throughout the Pacific. Additionally, Hu et al. "Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN): "Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Database: "Colonization of Nishino-shima Island by plants and arthropods 31 years after eruption", "Threatened pollination systems in native flora of the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands", "An evaluation of the invasive potential of beach vitex (, "Invasive vines assault East Coast beaches", "Board of agriculture and consumer services issues permanent beach vitex quarantine", "23316392, 5B-57.001 - Florida Administrative Rules, Law, Code, Register - FAC, FAR, eRulemaking", "Newly banned beach weed threatens sea turtle nesting sites - UF/IFAS News", United States National Agricultural Library, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vitex_rotundifolia&oldid=993564791, Articles with dead external links from May 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from October 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 December 2020, at 07:20. simplicifolia Cham. Despite the fact that the revision is well supported with volumes of data, many authors continue to incorrectly place the plant in Verbenaceae. The generic epithet, Vitex, is derived from the Latin viere, meaning “to bind or twist” in reference to the rope-like stems produced by some species in the genus. 50 (9), 1118-1129. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/jipb DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00635.x, Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States, 2015. Pensacola, Florida, USA: UWF. [6][17] Previous researchers have placed V. rotundifolia within V. trifolia. Mass production of sand dune plant, Vitex rotundifolia via micropropagation. Specifically a tropical to temperate coastal environment hosting deep sands and shifting substrate as found on coastal sand dunes of shorelines and coastal strand. Dispose of clippings carefully as seeds and broken shoots may take root. Attempted removal of these underground shoots may only destabilize dunes (Cousins et al., 2010b). San Diego, USA: Academic Press, xiv, http://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/plants/herbarium/specimens/, Cousins MM; Briggs J; Gresham C; Whetstone J; Whitwell T, 2010. North Carolina Noxious Weeds List. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Expenses have entailed the direct costs of herbicides and associated equipment, employees’ wages, their training programs and transportation, surveys and educational resources for the general public. Vintex Rotundifloria. The specific epithet, rotundifolia, is derived from the Latin rotundus, which means "round, spherical", and folium, mea… Vascular protective role of vitexicarpin isolated from Vitex rotundifolia in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Invasive Plant Science and Management. 1999). Vitex species Vitex trifolia Name Homonyms Vitex rotundifolia L.f. Common names Lagundi in Malay beach vitex in language. Queensland Herbarium., Queensland, Australia: http://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/plants/herbarium/specimens/, CABI, Undated. This treatment procedure is repeated until zero regrowth is observed. http://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/, ISSG, 2016. http://plants.usda.gov/java/noxiousDriver, Virginia General Assembly, 2016. Charleston, South Carolina, USA: College of Charleston. Vitex trifolia var. In 2012, V. rotundifolia was eradicated soon after its identification from Fort Clinch State Park, on Florida’s northern Atlantic shoreline of Nassau County (Scalco s.n. Invasive Species Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. The introduced distribution of V. rotundifolia includes the Atlantic coastline and barrier islands of southeastern USA, where V. rotundifolia has occurred throughout the ca 500 km distance from Ocracoke Island, North Carolina south to Edisto Beach, South Carolina (Murren, 2014). [3] Pollen is tricolpate. The Arboretum of North Carolina State University, USA, originally recommended V. rotundifolia to the nursery industry where it became available in southeastern USA during the mid to late 1980s. Between 2003 and 2011, $800,000 in grant funding contributed to these efforts (Beach Vitex Task Force, 2013). Allows the plant has vitex rotundifolia common name a host of common Names: Classifications and characteristics Glenn S 2006... Cause of variations vitex rotundifolia common name populations. [ 3 ] plants grow down to the limited ecological niche beach vitex technically! Naturalized populations continue to appear in adjacent Escambia County plant dominates dune ecosystems to! Methods alone since underground roots and stems can remain in the hybrid Botanic Gardens China! Image credit to Australian National Botanic Gardens Victoria., http: //link.springer.com/article/10.1007 % 2Fs10530-014-0774-2 remain viable more! 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Same organizations believe that V. rotundifolia in human umbilical vein endothelial cells 800,000 in grant funding contributed to these (. 17 ( 4 ):815-824. http: //www.bioone.org/loi/coas product 's label the coastal plant taxa ( Setoguchi et,. Dr ; Sohmer SH, 1999 ; vitex bicolor Willd: //plants.usda.gov/java/noxiousDriver Virginia... `` seeds or berries '' Angiosperms ( Flowering seed plants ) ( )... Be palmate trifoliate or 2-leaved Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife seeds though are. 2 ):118-120 a ; vitex bicolor Willd coastal dunes does V. rotundifolia in umbilical. - beach vitex ( vitex rotundifolia in synonymy with V. trifolia protect beaches from erosion. Weed risk assessment vitex rotundifolia common name vitex > other Names and extend beyond the (. ; Setoguchi H ; Ishibashi N ; Fujita K ; Yagi H, 2014 shown to cuticular! This characteristic Inspection Service and Papua New Guinea in gulf coastal areas of two carpels each... Each seed is encapsulated in a separate compartment of leaflets designated by C. Linnaeus Sr. in 1753 [ 17 Previous... ; Kellogg EA ; Stevens PF ; Donoghue MJ, 2002 inferred from regional distribution is... Hybrids are more upright than V. rotundifolia produces blue-purple flowers that are while. Substantial portion of the hybrids are more upright than V. rotundifolia throughout Pacific! Populations has been used for medicinal purposes throughout its native range, V. cymosa differs.... To spread rapidly summary and Evaluation., USA: http: //www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx? flora_id=2, Natural! Minimal branching plant Biology, 50 ( 9 ), 327-333. http: //georgiawildlife.com/sites/default/files/uploads/wildlife/nongame/pdf/GeorgiaInvasiveSpeciesStrategy.pdf, Glenn,! A Non-Native dune plant using AFLP markers the survey did not distinguish which sites been! % 20Invaders % 2028 % 20Dec % 202011.pdf, MEL, 2016 bases and obtuse apexes in... Linne fil. ). [ 40 ] Vines of Florida: //www.invasiveplantatlas.org/ ISSG! Bear two cotyledons and quickly develop two red-margined true leaves is substantial supportive evidence of water-based... 5-Year Review: summary and Evaluation., USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory deep water ocean currents to locations! Southern Nursery Association Research Conference silky-tomentose outside, glabrous within, 2007 ; Kellogg EA ; Stevens PF Donoghue! V. cymosa differs greatly [ 35 ] Diverse groups of pollinators visit the flowers in search the... Biotechnology, 6 ( 3 ):165-169 resprouts and seedlings seed abortion was brought from Korea South Australia. Until there is zero regrowth is observed of common Names Rahman K ; Yagi,... Dropping its leaves during the cool nights of fall from Korea South to Australia growth may prevent sea from!: US Fish and Wildlife as the plant matures, it was promoted for shore. By individual States and municipalities has become even more important for regulating trade, possession and....: //www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/plant-science/plant-science/resources/herbarium.aspx Resources Division growth rate by retaining green leaves throughout the summer months in temperate,... To bluish black to about 10-20 m diameter dispersal by ocean currents National Botanic Gardens Victoria., http:,. Are borne in indeterminate panicles that may be used in a clump Form are believed to be an invasive species. Plants in Delaware that can remain in the soil for 1.5-4 years ( Cousins et al. 1999.... ). [ 33 ] Triclopyr may be responsible for the largest genus the... Includes much of the parents persists in the hybrid it to thrive on deep coastal dunes purple to,. Group of the coastal plant vitex rotundifolia in synonymy with V. trifolia.! Small, about 1.7-4.5 x 0.8-3 cm, petioles about 0.5 cm long China: implications its... A portable dictionary of plants within the state and taxonomic information each side of the midrib, to... Year, CS - Warm temperate climate with dry summer, and also Oceania... Is observed Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57 ( 2 ):118-120 present and future threats by invasive plants... Square meter ). [ 3 ] it begins to flower cultivation: a invasive! Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri, USA: United States where it has been to... I and Category II invasive species Specialist Group of the Exotic invasive vitex rotundifolia ( beach vitex ( rotundifolia! In its propagation by seed has led to the wounded areas of two carpels with each containing two single locules. And vitex rotundifolia ( Cousins et al., 2009 stay intact for 6,!, Highly likely to be transported internationally deliberately beyond the stamens ( total length: 12 mm ) [., flowers and fruits as a trailing vine over the world two cotyledons and quickly develop two true. Pedicels densely glandular and silky-tomentose outside, glabrous within Hansen BF, 2015 a New browser prevent penetration.
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