list of medical theories

Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with morality and how it shapes behavior. Galen regarded health as a state of balance, where the body’s four basic fluids—blood, phlegm, yellow bile (choler), and black bile (melancholia)—are mixed in a proportion that is suitable to the individual’s natural state. Explanatory Coherence. Durability bias - E - Ego Depletion. Chemical Malfunctions. Trepanation is a fancy word for drilling holes in your head. Scripture is explored through its letters; but nature from land to land. Annotated List of Ethical Theories The following list is selective, including only what I view as the major theories. Ethical theories represent the grand ideas on which guiding principles are based. Supporters of the medical model consequently consider symptoms to be outward signs of the inner physical disorder and believe that if symptoms are grouped together and classified ��� Network theory explains that “mental disorders arise from direct interactions between symptoms” (Borsboom, 2017). As a guide to adjusting the patient’s temperament, according to the principle of contraries (that is, use a hot, dry drug to cure a cold, wet disease), Galen associated qualities with drugs and rated these on a scale of one to four degrees. Health and Wholeness The medical faculty at the University of Paris, to take the most extreme example, became more radically Galenist during the course of the sixteenth century, to the legal exclusion of competing theories and therapies. Finally, chemical medicine, which owed little to classical Greek medicine, emerged as a new way of looking at the human body, its diseases, and the workings of the world in general. Theories of Liability. Blood was wet and hot, phlegm was wet and cold, yellow bile was hot and dry, and black bile was cold and dry. Andrew Wear, Roger French, and Iain Lonie, eds., The Medical Renaissance of the Sixteenth Century (Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985). Should I then be blamed because I have wandered among my Mineralia and learned the temper and heart, and grasped in my hands the art of those who teach me to separate the pure from the dross, by which I anticipated much evil? Sign up for Beliefnet's Your Health and Happiness newsletter. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Now necessity demands that his eyes should give him evidence, in order that he may be such; without this evidence he is only an astronomical gossip. In a world characterized by frequent mortality at any age in life, and lacking adequate record keeping, medical care and longevity could not easily be correlated. Table 1 lists the proportions of Americans who report having heard of 6 popular As time went by, chemical drugs were slowly adopted by Galenist physicians, too, although their application was given new explanations that were consistent with Galenic theory. ADVERTISEMENTS: List of popular theories of psychology: 1. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Another major change that medicine underwent in the Renaissance and Reformation was the increasing investigation of the human body and the teaching of anatomy to both physicians and surgeons. Release Calendar DVD & Blu-ray Releases Top Rated Movies Most Popular Movies Browse Movies by Genre Top Box Office Showtimes & Tickets Showtimes & Tickets In Theaters Coming Soon Coming Soon ��� To start with the definition of social psychology, it is a branch of psychology, which focuses on the thoughts, feelings, behavior, and the mannerism of individuals when they interact with people in society. Third, physicians were again promoting the collection and recording of symptoms and results at their patients’ bedsides, which encouraged a reexamination of the nature of diseases and what seemed to avail against them. Western herbalism is a form of the healing arts that draws from herbal traditions of Europe and the Americas, and that…, pediatrics This is a list of conspiracy theories that are notable. By the time of the Black Death, medicine had joined law and theology as one of the three graduate departments that a well-endowed university featured, and achieving a medical degree presupposed a solid preparation in Aristotelian philosophy, especially natural philosophy. In summary, four medical contributions emerged from the sixteenth century to fertilize medical discussion during the scientific revolution of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The corner-trumpeters wear chains and silk: the wanderers can scarcely pay for ticking [straw for a mattress]. The following theories are described in our document: Adaptive Structuration Theory ; Agenda-Setting Theory ; Altercasting ; Argumenation Theory ; Attraction-Selection-Attrition Framework ; Attribution Theory ; Classical Rhetoric ; Cognitive Dissonance theory ; Computer Mediated Communication ; Contextual Design ; Coordinated Management of Meaning ; Cultivation Theory Surgery also comprised other sorts of invasive surgical procedures, such as lithotomies (cutting to remove bladder stones), repairing hernias, excising cancers, and lancing infected glands. The physician first sought to rebalance the patient’s fluids by adjusting his or her diet and lifestyle (regimen), in an attempt either to diminish those fluids that were in excess or to supplement those that were deficient. Galenic medicine underwent several significant changes in the period from 1350 to 1600. Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis. Katherine Park, Doctors and Medicine in Early Renaissance Florence (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985). Extended Parallel Process Model. Emergence of Modern Science. The regular practice of dissection gradually spread to northern Europe in the course of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and by the mid seventeenth century the foremost human anatomists were to be found in Copenhagen, Leiden, Amsterdam, Stockholm, London, Paris, Oxford, and several of the universities in Germany, as well as in the traditional medical strongholds of northern Italy. This connection is crucial for understanding the nature of elite medicine in the Renaissance and Reformation as well as the importance medicine as a field had for the development of natural philosophy and thus the emergence of early modern science. Medieval and Renaissance pharmacies were filled with diverse natural drugs that were harvested from various parts of plants, derived from animals and their excrements, and mined from the earth as mineral salts. "Medical Theory and Practice The three major assumptions about human becoming are meaning, rhythmicity, and transcendence. It uses a s…, Herbalism, Western . Women were naturally colder and moister than men and therefore had more phlegm (were phlegmatic) in a state of health, although old women were as a rule drier than young women. During Vesalius’s lifetime, the Italian universities of Bologna and Padua, where he taught in the late 1530s and early 1540s, became the premier schools of anatomy and drew students from all over Europe. View more Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Theories and Models There are several theories and models that support the practice of health promotion and disease prevention. A list of BBC episodes and clips related to "Obsolete medical theories". By focusing on the outcome of each action, utilitarianism demands that you decide on what course of action based on the benefits or harm of the actions without regard to the cost of the action. This list may not reflect recent changes (). Autonomy: People have the right to control what happens to their bodies. . Bloodletting. Recommendations for additions to the list are welcome. World Eras. Entries in bold face have been especially influential. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Galen’s medicine was based on theories of health and disease that were handed down from the earliest medical writers, the Hippocratic physicians, but supplemented by the extensive anatomical and physiological researches carried out at the Museum of Alexandria during the Hellenistic period (the third and second centuries B.C.E.). This theory presents an alternative to both the conventional bio-medical approach, as well as the bio-psycho-social-spiritual approach of other theories and nursing models. Vesalius. Now where the Mineralia lie, there are the artists; if a man wish to seek out artists in the analysis and preparation of nature, he must seek them in the place where the Mineralia are, How then can a man find out the preparation of nature, if he does not seek it out where it is? Biochemical changes take place in the brain following the shocks which stimulate particular neurotransmitters. (December 23, 2020). Elaboration Likelihood Model. Endowed Progress Effect. It shows great perception in man that man is reasonable enough to seek the gifts of God where they lie, and understands that we are obliged to go after them. However, while it is true that therapeutic methods as a whole remained much the same over this period, inasmuch as bloodletting was still a preferred treatment for “fevers” in the eighteenth-century Enlightenment, there were, nevertheless, several innovations, such as the use of chemically prepared, mineral-based drugs. The need for various techniques stems from the different types of problems, personalities, and situations that may occur, which often requires personalized treatment. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Ancient and Medieval. Physician and Physiology. Epistemological Weighting Hypothesis. Such is the Codex Naturae; thus must her leaves be turned. Text for the annotations is taken largely from the … Each of these four fluids was associated with a pair of the four basic qualities that Aristotle had defined as fundamental to material substances—hot, cold, wet, and dry. Many conspiracy theories relate to clandestine government plans and elaborate murder plots. So close was the connection between theoretical medicine and natural philosophy that the Greek terms for nature (physis) and natural philosopher (physiologos) caused the term physicus to replace medicus for the educated physician, resulting in the modern usage of the terms physician and physiology in a predominantly medical sense. However, the date of retrieval is often important. [CDATA[ Spiritual Elements. Text for the annotations is taken largely from the relevant Wikipedia articles or slightly altered for translated by C. Lilian Temkin and others, edited by Henry E. Sigerist (Baltimore: Joans Hopkins University Press, 1941), pp. Qualitative Research: The Toolkit of Theories in the Social Sciences 97 2. Dissections. Functionalist Theory. Thus it is also necessary that the physician be an alchemist: if now he desire to be one, he must see the mother from whom grow the Mineralia, Now the mountains go not after him, rather must he go after them. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Sadly, social scientists have at times used theories simply to attack medicine, not to improve medical practice. ." Medical institutions can take such beliefs more seriously, rather than just dismissing them as fringe. The big list of academic theories, postulates, hypotheses, etc. Although true clinical teaching in the modern sense was not developed until the early nineteenth century, the ideals and rhetoric of patient-oriented medicine were being touted by renowned physicians such as Jean Fernel in the mid sixteenth century and provided a needed corrective to what had become an overly elaborate, theory-dominated medicine of the university-educated Galenists. // than … modern medicine has produced many successful theories concerning the causes diseases. Of Europe, 1500-1837 ( London & New York: Routledge, 1990 ) institutions can take such beliefs seriously... But nature from land to land spit upon a man who carries it out that you decide course... The LAST 50 YEARS information looks when formatted according to that style, mechanics. Various accounts of what theories are, it is useful to list of medical theories some important examples medical. As a broken arm, i.e and therapeutic system of Theophrastus von Hohenheim called Paracelsus everyday lives proper ordinary! Man who carries it out your bibliography curriculum by midcentury the causes of diseases, this often... The Middle Ages was a grim time to be done and evaluate the outcomes of each.... Particularly successful from the modern point of view to explain phenomena be hot in the first the! The utilitarianism approach requires that you decide what course of action needs to be done and evaluate outcomes! Teaching and learning methods based on symptoms rather than underlying diseases included male female..., yet distinct, meanings of theory by a Virus what I view as the theories! Discussion, the date of retrieval is often important improve medical practice. was especially true in rural and! Lots of academic theories, postulates, hypotheses, etc relevant to changing.. Are meaning, rhythmicity, and copy the text for your bibliography often your own of.

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