The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire are commonly compared for many reasons. Women socially in both the Han Dynasty and Roman Empire were treated like a City authorities had to maintain order and extract revenue not only for the city itself but also from the countryside that was allocated to that city and where the majority of the population lived. Historians attribute the Han Dynasty’s rise to power has been resulted from the adoption of legalism as the empire’s system of governance. After The Roman Empire and Han Dynasty sprang up at around the same time. Methods of ruling in rome. They also facilitated the monetization of the economy by producing massive amounts of coinage. Much like the Romans, the Han Dynasty also issued large quantities of coinage but since China lacked silver, bronze coins were the basis of the monetary economy. Charlemagne in 800 restored the Western Roman Empire. Religion and Phil. How did the Roman Empire and Han Dynasty fall? Western Roman Empire | A map depicting the separate empires of Rome| Mediterranean Society: The Roman Phase From Kingdom To Republic The Etruscans and Rome (Previous Wiki notes) There are. Both were in the western margin of the civilized ecumene (the Greek states and the eastern Chinese states respectively) and were viewed as semi-barbaric. The Han Empire comprised of 1587 county-level governments. The Jin capitals of Luoyang and Chang’an were captured and the Jin remnants retreated to the South. The Tang Dynasty was among the richest and most powerful states in the medieval world. Han China was a dynasty that lasted from 206 B.C.E and lasted till 220 C.E. Unlike Han Emperors, the Roman ruler was much less secure due to the Republican tradition of Rome; dynasties, while they could be established, were not institutionally enshrined and the murder of a tyrannical emperor was justifiable. Brutality but generosity and empire in practice ( republican Titles ) Methods of ruling in china ( Han Dynasty ) less harsh than the Qin Large Bureaucracy prevailed. Both the Roman and Han economies were in large part based on agriculture. Below the Emperor were the provinces. The Han Line, in contrast to the Romans, depended on free work as opposed to slaves for agribusiness. The rise of the Roman Republic can in some ways be compared to the rise of the Qin state to prominence. The Han Dynasty, unlike the Romans, relied on free labor rather than slaves for agriculture. Unlike the Three Kingdoms, however, the Roman central government was better able to face the crisis and eventually reasserted central control over the Empire. Thus the Roman Empire was divided in three, much like the Han Dynasty. Rome had a standing professional army since the time of the Republic thanks to the reforms of Gaius Marius (157–86 BC). In China, the situation was different. Women of both civilizations could not own property or vote. The West was less urbanized and rich than the Roman East. The master of writing was the emperor’s secretary. Trade was also influential in the Roman economy. Haven’t found the relevant content? These things made these civilizations grow and learn and sometimes fail, but they have set some of the basic rules for some civilizations today. Comparing the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty Our mission is to provide a free, world-class education to anyone, anywhere. The crops were different in each region: olive oil in North Africa and Spain, wheat in Egypt and vineyards in Gaul. The Han line (Chinese: 漢朝; pinyin: Hàncháo) was the second supreme line of China (206 BC–220 Promotion), went before by the Qin administration (221–206 BC) and prevailing by the Three Realms time frame (220–280 Advertisement). The collapse of the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE), which was the first great land-based empire in East Asia, came after a period of war, confusion, and tyrannical rule. New inventions and the bloom of art also contributed to the increase in trading during that period. This meant there was a … Rome also, unlike the Han Dynasty, faced the unique problem of the Sassanid Dynasty, a highly developed centralized imperial state. He was assisted by lower officials, such as clerks and assistants. Culture. Which of the following is an accurate comparison between the Han and Roman empires? The Han Dynasty extended its territorial reach to extend the Silk Road to gain access to raw materials and to extend trade into new region. Major Differences Between Classical Athens and Han China Classical Athens and the Han Dynasty In China were two of the most famous and successful early clvlllzatlons. At the head of this vast state machinery was the Emperor. Yet both failed to reunify the Roman world. Valens and Valentinian restored stability to the Empire but the defeat of the Eastern army under Valens at the Battle of Adrianople (378) and the civil wars in the West deteriorated the situation in the Empire. In addition to that, heavy taxes were … In China, the Sui Dynasty restored unity to the Chinese world. The Eastern Roman Empire in the sixth century launched a series of military invasions with the goal of restoring, at least partly, the Roman Empire. The Han Dynasty and Roman Empire were similar in their falls because they both fell to nomadic invaders, and because they both fell because of a decline in economic trade. Nevertheless, the Byzantines were able to survive until the 15th century as an independent entity while the Holy Roman Empire would survive as an entity until 1806, when Napoleon forced its dissolution. The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire were two of the most powerful entities to rule their respective parts of the world. The man who reunified Rome was Emperor Aurelian (270–275). The western-most of the warring states in China was the Qin which stretched roughly to where the city of Lanzhou in Gan… Ocean exchange was more affordable than land exchange and the way that Rome was to a greater degree a maritime domain than the Han Administration implied that trade assumed a more prominent job in the Roman economy. The Outer Court would also administer the whole country instead of dealing only with the Emperor’s private affairs like the Inner Court did. To contrast the Eastern Roman Empire to its Western counterpart, the East had numerous advantages (economic, institutional and military) that allowed it to survive the fall of the West. Their geographical position favored a focus on military capability. Size and . The Franks were not powerful enough to conquer Byzantium and thus the division of the ecumene was retained. The plague and the decline in urbanization, as well as Justinian’s somewhat excessive spending (although this factor often gets exaggerated), caused problems with imperial finances and the payment of troops. Those challenges had effects on both Empires. Both the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire used the silk trade routes, particularly over land. Each of the civilizations also had their differences. However, both Empires would manage to survive; Eastern Rome (Byzantium) in the East and Jin in the South. They also were too focused on the Arab onslaught and the Bulgar threat in the Balkans to aid the Pope and the imperial holdings in Italy that were under the threat of the Lombards. The East was able to direct groups of barbarians (such as Attila and his Hunnic hordes) to the West. While Emperor Leo I (457–474) was able to eliminate the threat of the barbarian general Aspar and his Germanic warriors with the help of the Isaurians, the Western emperor Majorian (457–461) was murdered by the barbarian Ricimer. This never materialized since Empress Irene was overthrown in a palace coup that brought Nicephorus I to the throne. This may not be a huge difference, but Han had nothing to bound together different classes. As it lost territories to barbarians, it also lost income from those provinces and the ability to recruit troops to defend the remaining territories of the Empire. This was how Han thrived on agriculture for their economy more than trade. Hominid- this is any creature of the family Hominidae or Primates and only one species exists today, Homo sapiens or human beings. They had developed economies, relying mainly on agriculture and on commerce. The road network facilitated it and so did the Mediterranean, which made it easy to shuttle goods throughout the Empire through sea. Then, in a series of high stake wars, Rome and Qin conquered their known ecumene. The several centuries of success for Han China (202 BCE – 220 CE) and the Roman Empire (27 BCE – 476 CE) pinpoint possibilities for comparison in the classical period. They also shared similarities in economic structures such as how they were both apart of the Silk Road. Alexander managed to conquer his way to what is today the western edges of Xinjiang province. This was a huge similarity between these cultures. The Roman Empire is thought to be the primary foundation of Western culture and modes of government. The Roman’s developed two different codes of law, one that applied to citizens and another that applied to non-citizens. The officials responsible for military affairs were civilian. … However, it was his westward expansion that most influenced what became the Han Empire. More continuity inside china. Under Diocletian and Constantine, the Empire made a dynamic comeback. (2016, Aug 24). They can also help and American audience combine more familiar knowledge, usually about Rome, with an appreciation for less familiar classical … Although they restored unity, the pressure of barbarian invaders and internal infighting would cause the loss of the heartland of both Empires (Italy and the West in the case of Rome, northern China in the case of Jin). Han however was only ruled by an emperor. In 589, the Sui Dynasty took over the southern Chen Dynasty and restored unity in the Chinese ecumene. The Roman Empire and Han Dynasty China: A Comparison. The Roman’s developed two different codes of law, one that applied to citizens and another that applied to non-citizens. It should be noted that Emperor Maurice (582–602) was overthrown by his soldiers because, in an attempt to save money, he ordered them to remain north of Danube during winter. number: 206095338. The early Roman culture thrived on agriculture, but then the later Empire thrived more on trade. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. The bureaucracy underwent many changes during the Han period, with some government agencies shrinking and other seeing their influence expanded. The Han Dynasty, on the other hand, provided the basis for culture and government in China, one of the most powerful Eastern influences. On the subject of empires, we are focusing on the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire, because they demonstrate many of the key characteristics we use to define the concept. They had emperors that had absolute power. In 2 AD, the Han bureaucracy is estimated to have employed 120,285 officials. The emperors continued a tradition of emphasizing their divine or semi-divine majesty. Location 2. 1 page, 391 words . If a women didn’t have a boy or couldn’t have children she was blamed and generally killed. The emperor was connected with the government bodies via the Inner Courtand Outer Court. The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire vary in their political development and achievements. https://phdessay.com/han-dynasty-vs-roman-empire/, The Western Roman Empire – the Rise & Fall, The Decline of the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire, Major Differences Between Classical Athens and Han China. A new enemy emerged, this time from the West: the Qiang. The first five were responsible for the daily life of the emperor and were usually filled by eunuchs. For the next three centuries China would be under the control of an empire comparable with that of the Han Dynasty. By Andrew Paul Stokes Beijing Union University 1|P a ge Andrew Paul Stokes June 5, 2011. Both Empires eventually faced problems with barbarians invaders. Both the Han Dynasty and Imperial Rome were monarchies. The Roman and Han empires were different with respect to how each came … Women socially in both the Han Dynasty and Roman Empire were treated like a child in the eyes of the law. The Western military was increasingly barbarized. Barbarians tribes (called Wu Hu) in northern China, taking advantage of the infighting and chaos, revolted against the Jin in 304 led by a Liu Yuan. Scholars The Fall of Empires Rome Han China Objective Establishing Trade Civil War The Silk Road I will compare and contrast the civilization characteristics (PERSIA) that lead to the fall of the Roman and Han Empires by completing a Venn Diagram. In the twilight of the Han Dynasty this army deteriorated as well, eventually becoming an army of barbarian recruits, convicts and poorly-trained conscripts), and the mass of conscripts that form the main base of the army (unlikely to be cohesive for long durations, relatively poorly trained, equipped, supplied and motivated compared to the Legion) raised at short notice. The Justinianic Plague (first reported in 541) killed hundreds of thousands of civilians, disrupted economic activities and had severe effects on both the economy and urban life. The Roman Empire was essentially everything that touched the Mediterranean while the Han took over much of China. The Han Dynasty had a similar government system as Imperial Rome, the empires’ governments made the same mistakes that led to similar declines; however the government’s involvement and view on trade was different between these two empires. Hence the Pope turned to Charlemagne for assistance. B) The Han and the Romans both used large amounts of slave labor. Neither Byzantium nor Jin could reconquer the lost parts of the Empire (although, under Justinian, the Byzantines came pretty close to it). and Empire 4. The Romans also faced the Sassanid Dynasty that more than once defeated the Romans in battle and even captured Emperor Valerian. The Romans made extensive investments into building up good infrastructure, constructing an extensive road network. The Yellow Turban rebellion (184–205 AD) allowed provincial governors to establish their independence. The Franks were closer to Italy and proved that they could protect the Pope and intervene effectively in Italy. While Theodosius the Great was able to once again restore a sense of stability and reunify the Empire, after his death in 395 the Empire was divided again in two. This contributed to the collapse of the dynasty. Their products were then sold in urban markets. While it is true that the Roman Empire wasn’t as heavily bureaucratized as the Han Dynasty, the Roman Empire did have a bureaucracy even in this early imperial period that tends to be underestimated; the officials, as stated above, had a large number of slaves who worked informally in administrative jobs and as such are not usually counted officially. Ultimately, the central government lost control of the western frontier, as provincial governors began taking matters on their own hands and in effect created private armies. The governors, who were assisted by a quaestor (in public provinces) or a procurator (in imperial provinces), legates, military tribunes, centurions and informal employees (‘friends’). The Emperor, being in command of the armed forces and relying on them for his rule, was in effect a military dictator. The Gallic Empire in the West and the Palmyrene Empire in the East emerged. They were responsible respectively for government administration, military affairs, and the censorial branch of the bureaucracy. In the later decades of the second century and during the third century, Rome faced a multitude of problems. The Emperors made use of freedmen for administrative duties, naming them to such offices as ab epistulis (in charge of correspondence), a libellis (in charge of petitions) and a rationibus (in charge of accounts). In Rome the officials of the central administration may have been as high as 5000 during the Antonine times (96–180). The decision by the court of establishing colonies of Chinese in the Western border regions foundered on the difficulties of maintaining agricultural communities in the arid west. Unlike their Eastern counterparts, Western emperors (especially in the fifth century) did not enjoy long reigns and this created instability and delegitimized the government and office of Emperor. Rome and Han: A comparison of empires. This allowed the East to survive but greatly affected the West. Rome used the patron/client relationship to turn men into equals, because inequality of men in Rome was turned into a system of mutual benefits and obligations. The Western Empire had more than a few disadvantages. These empires inched progressively closer in the course of the Roman expansion into the ancient Near East and simultaneous Han Chinese military incursions into Central Asia. Andrew Paul Stokes June 5, 2011 Ming Dynasty Economy It’s growth and it’s decline. In 284, Diocletian came to the imperial throne and instituted a series of reforms. In the case of Rome, it was the Germanic tribes beyond the Rhine and Danube that caused the most problems. Eventually, the Northern Zhou dynasty was able to reunify the north. Economy of the Han dynasty – Wikipedia The Han dynasty (206 BC – … It must not be forgotten that at least until the third century, the Emperors maintained the facade of the Res Publica. Even though they were. The Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire made in the sixth century an ultimately unsuccessful attempt at reuniting the Roman World. The Han Dynasty collapsed and gave way to Three Kingdoms while Rome faced a series of civil wars and insurrections. Agriculture 5. Each had similarities in political structures such as they were both ruled by emperors, but they did still have differences. This was different for Rome. By continuing we’ll assume you’re on board with our cookie policy. Trade 6. This accelerated the collapse of the central government that led to the division of China. Writing a dissertation or roman and han and compare essay contrast dynasty empire master s thesis. It took five years of campaigning by the imperial princes Li Jiancheng and Li Shimin before the country was reunified. Both were able to develop thanks to being shielded by their geographical position from the great powers in the east. Mutual awareness remained low, and firm knowledge about each other wa… Retrieved from https://phdessay.com/han-dynasty-vs-roman-empire/. Both were in the western margin of the civilized ecumene (the Greek states and the eastern Chinese states respectively) and were viewed as semi-barbaric. The family most closely related to the family. This was how Han thrived on agriculture for their economy more than trade. The Essay on Han China Vs Imperial Rome Political. A similar development took place in the Roman Empire. Although under Julian the Apostate such fighting temporarily ceased, his Persian campaign proved to be a defeat and he lost his life. The Chancellor had beneath him thirteen bureaus (cao): West Bureau and East Bureau [both responsible for promotions and demotion of officials), Bureau of Imperial Household, Bureau of Memorials, Bureau of Litigation, Bureau of Communication and Standards, Bureau of Military Transportation, Bureau of Bandit Control, Bureau of Criminal Executions, Bureau of Soldiers, Bureau of Granaries, Bureau of Yellow Cabinet [maintenance of state records] and Bureau of Gold. The Roman organization of the economy was unprecedented for the Mediterranean world as it made much more extensive use of slave labor than past imperial regimes. Western landlords held far more land than their Eastern counterparts and were able to subvert imperial authority. Justinian (527–565) sent capable generals (Belisarius, Liberius and Narses) to retake the territories of North Africa, Italy and parts of Spain. Compare and Contrast Essay Roman Empire vs. Han Dynasty Bethany Corl HIEU 201-B11 September 29, 2014 Compare and Contrast Essay The Roman and Han empires flourished in culture, wealth, and technological advances at their pinnacle, leading not to future stability, but to greed, corruption, and ultimately their downfall. Rome’s trade routes were built using stone, which made it very easy for merchants to travel from one city to another over a vast amount of land. His successor, Emperor Hui, had to fight with regional princes in civil wars that further weakened Jin. In the case of China, it was the Xiongnu, a confederation of nomadic steppe peoples. The Roman Empire and Han dynasty attract significant interests among historians. Other than these trade routes, the Roman Empire and China had no connections. The Han Dynasty and Roman Empire had a difference in their economic structures. County-level governance had a similar structure. The Han dynasty attempted to further Confucian thought as a means of inculcating certain values in the elite, and if possible, other classes. This imperial comeback was, however, short-lived in both cases. The Han Dynasty dominated Asia from the Korean. The Chinese Empire would survive as an institution up to 1911. Where were the Roman and Chinese empires located? Classes 8. 48 Vitosha Boulevard, ground floor, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria Bulgarian reg. C) The Han and the Romans both based governance of their provinces on state-trained scholar elites. While China today remains a unified entity, the Roman world remains fractured among European nation-states and Arab nation-states in West Asia and North Africa. The early Roman culture thrived on agriculture, but then the later Empire thrived more on trade. child in the eyes of the law. In the chart below discuss the most valuable similarities and differences between Han and Rome. He marched to the Sui capital in 617 and founded the Tang Dynasty after forcing the abdication of the last Sui Emperor, Yang You. During the beginning of the Han dynasty, the economy was badly damaged due to the policies of the former dynasty. can use them for free to gain inspiration and new creative ideas for their writing assignments. Eventually, three kingdoms emerged; Wei, Shu Han and Wu. In the first two centuries AD for Rome and from the second century BC to second century AD in China, the Roman and Han Empires focused on internal homogenization and slowed down their expansion. Compare and Contrast Essay Roman Empire vs. Han Dynasty Bethany Corl HIEU 201-B11 September 29, 2014 Compare and Contrast Essay The Roman and Han empires flourished in culture, wealth, and technological advances at their pinnacle, leading not to future stability, but to greed, corruption, and ultimately their downfall. The economy during the Han dynasty was defined by population growth, growth of industries as well as trade and nationalization. Li Yuan, founder of the Tang Dynasty, was a garrison commander in Taiyuan when revolt against the Sui broke out in 613. The empire also faced internal problems as there was a succession of incompetent emperors who relied too much on court eunuchs and mismanaged the empire. Lastly they shared some similarities in social structures such as how women were treated. This was different for Rome. The Han Dynasty and Roman Empire are two very complex civilizations that thrived around the same time. While the Sui founder Emperor Wen (581–604) was a capable ruler, his successor Emperor Yang spent too much money on vast infrastructure projects and pursued an expansion foreign policy, which most disastrously failed in Korea as his invasions were unsuccessful and led to a weakening of the central government and revolts. Both the resurgent Roman Empire and the Jin Dynasty proved to be ephemeral. Studies in science education. Imperial Rome was ended through attacks from Germanic tribes, while the Yellow Turban uprising led to the fall of the Han Dynasty in China. The Franks in the West, who during the collapse of the Western Roman Empire had established themselves in Gaul, were able to expand their holdings and under Charlemagne they united most of Western Europe. The breakdown of imperial order meant that provinces had to assume responsibility for their defense and this led to insurrections in the 260s and 270s that threatened the unity of the Empire. The essay on Han China unique problem of the law most problems shared in..., much like the Han Dynasty were both ruled by an Emperor, but had... China were similar on the grounds that both Han China ( Byzantine ) made... As opposed to slaves for agribusiness two very complex civilizations that thrived around same. 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