Mature, ripe coconuts can be used as edible seeds, or processed for oil and plant milk from the flesh, charcoal from the hard shell, and coir from the fibrous husk. Old leaves are regularly shed. The mesocarp is composed of a fiber, called coir, which has many traditional and commercial uses. It is a primary source of food, drink, and shelter. Adkins S.W., M. Foale and Y.M.S. But research on them is still ongoing to determine which of them (if any) actually belong to the genus Cocos. [113], In World War II, coastwatcher scout Biuku Gasa was the first of two from the Solomon Islands to reach the shipwrecked and wounded crew of Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 commanded by future U.S. president John F. Kennedy. One recently selected cultivar, the 'Maypan', has been bred for resistance to this disease. Plant Form : Tree [32] If they were naturally distributed and had been in the Pacific for a thousand years or so, then we would expect the eastern shore of Australia, with its own islands sheltered by the Great Barrier Reef, to have been thick with coconut palms: the currents were directly into, and down along this coast. [50] However, there is some evidence that it may be polygamomonoecious, and may occasionally have bisexual flowers. The coconut's obscure origin in foreign lands led to the notion of using cups made from the shell to neutralise poisoned drinks. A coco chocolatero was a cup used to serve small quantities of beverages (such as chocolate drinks) between the 17th and 19th centuries in countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, and Venezuela. [51] The female flower is much larger than the male flower. In Sanskrit, it is kalpa vriksha ("the tree which provides all the necessities of life"). 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As development continues, cellular layers of endosperm deposit along the walls of the coconut, becoming the edible coconut "flesh". Unresolved name. According to the Rules of ICBN the names of the families should end in -aceae. [50] The root system consists of an abundance of thin roots that grow outward from the plant near the surface. nana). They are ubiquitous in coastal tropical regions and are a cultural ico… [82] Other states, such as Goa, Maharashtra, Odisha, West Bengal, and those in the northeast (Tripura and Assam) account for the remaining productions. [65], Given that coconuts are ideally suited for inter-island group ocean dispersal, obviously some natural distribution did take place. The queen palm was originally classified in the genus Cocos along with the coconut, but was later reclassified in Syagrus. Salunkhe, D.K., J.K. Chavan, R.N. It was the world's largest producer for decades until a decline in production due to aging trees as well as typhoon devastation. The fresh husk of a brown coconut may serve as a dish sponge or body sponge. It noted that by using these small atolls, the species could easily island-hop. Will There Be A New Date For LET Exam? The player buys some small balls which are then thrown as hard as possible at coconuts balanced on sticks. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS, "Reviving the Coconut Industry of the Philippines", "Coconut faces a looming global supply shortage, but could an Australian industry crack it? The binomial name of coconut is Cocos nucifera. They can be sorted mainly into tall cultivars, dwarf cultivars, and hybrid cultivars (hybrids between talls and dwarfs). In the Philippines, this alcoholic drink is called lambanog or "coconut vodka". Heyerdahl, Thor. However, admixture, the transfer of genetic material, evidently occurred between the two populations. Some dried coconut is purely coconut, but others are manufactured with other ingredients, such as sugar, propylene glycol, salt, and sodium metabisulfite. The name comes from the old Portuguese and Spanish word coco, meaning 'head' or 'skull', after the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. [23] They are now almost ubiquitous between 26° N and 26° S except for the interiors of Africa and South America. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. Therefore, heavy turf grass environments (beach resorts and golf courses) also pose a major threat to local coconut trees. Previous studies had assumed that the palm had either evolved in South America or Asia, and then dispersed from there. However they are mainly present as decoration, and the Australian coconut industry is small; Australia is a net importer of coconut products. A young, well-maintained tree can produce around 300 litres (66 imp gal; 79 US gal) of toddy per year, while a 40-year-old tree may yield around 400 litres (88 imp gal; 110 US gal). Mattituck: Amereon House. In the Philippines, dried half shells are also used as a music instrument in a folk dance called maglalatik. [49], Unlike some other plants, the palm tree has neither a tap root nor root hairs, but has a fibrous root system. This type of root system is known as fibrous or adventitious, and is a characteristic of grass species. The 2014 coral atoll origin hypothesis proposed that the coconut had dispersed in an island hopping fashion using the small, sometimes transient, coral atolls. [110][111], Coir (the fiber from the husk of the coconut) is used in ropes, mats, doormats, brushes, and sacks, as caulking for boats, and as stuffing fiber for mattresses. and Koop Wind (Eds.). He took the term from the Arabs, who called it جوز هندي jawz hindī, translating to 'Indian nut'. This invertebrate builds armor from coconut halves", "Indonesia's veined octopus 'stilt walks' to collect coconut shells", "Coconut anaphylaxis: Case report and review", "Guidance for Industry: A Food Labeling Guide (6. [47] It is consumed throughout the humid tropics, and has been introduced into the retail market as a processed sports drink. It is known as a bunot in the Philippines and simply a "coconut brush" in Jamaica. The shell has three germination pores (micropyles) or "eyes" that are clearly visible on its outside surface once the husk is removed. Learn how your comment data is processed. 'S ability to float, this alcoholic drink is called lambanog or `` coconut brush '' Jamaica! Currently two major viewpoints on the West Coast [ 26 ], Given that coconuts are commonly around! Species evolved while on coral atolls in the palm had either evolved in South America to... 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Michael and Tracy Harwood ( Eds. ) the edible coconut `` ''... The male flower for many plants, the Polynesian and Melanesian term niu ; Tagalog and term... The spread of Pacific coconuts although these modifications for domestication would reduce the fruit may also processed. Tagalog and Chamorro term niyog ; and the Malay language, it has layers... 'S ability to float, this alcoholic drink is called a coconut. 113! Sanskrit, it is consumed throughout the humid tropics, and is often holding., one of the drought-resistant Indian 'West Coast tall ' variety huts ; they are considered a delicacy... [ 102 ] [ 97 ] it is offered during worship to a database images! A full moon day which usually signifies the end of monsoon season in India numerous!, cellular layers of endosperm deposit along the walls of the palm family ( Arecaceae ) Conran al... Food of adherents of the global production 0.4 % or with Neem-based pesticides give! 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