"Attitude changes that result from active and systematic mental processing are the most durable, persisting changes" (Zimbardo & Leippe, 1991, p. 181). <> 1. Bednar, A. Wetzel, C.D., Radtke, P.H. As with dissonance theory, social judgment theory presents attitude change as a response to the receipt of a message that is not entirely congruent with the currently held attitude. Most of the existing measurement instruments for assessing attitudes and attitude change employ quantitative survey scales with the assumption that different respondents will interpret items in a similar manner (Zimbardo & Leippe, 1991). Wade, B. xref Every year, Mr. Saunders teaches his Introduction to American Government classes about the 19th Amendment, which guarantees all American women the right to vote, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which reinforces the 15th Amendment's nationwide guarantee of the right to vote. They describe attitude as a kind of spectrum with a "latitude of acceptance" surrounding a current attitude; a new position is more likely to be accepted if it falls within this latitude and less likely to be accepted if it does not (Smith & Ragan, 1999). Although the cognitive and affective "domains interact significantly in instruction and learning" (Martin & Briggs, 1986, p. 3), any behavior that has an emotional component lies within the affective domain. 0000033758 00000 n
A change in one component of a given attitude may produce change in other components. The psychology of attitude change and social influence . Affectiveness of role playing and antiracist teaching in reducing student prejudice. (Hohn,1995) Affect general in nature; it is better for teachers to use specific behavior when developing learning target. Attitudes, or the affective domain, often relates to ethics in the field or valuing different knowledge and skills as they relate to practice. Differentiate the three methods affective learning outcomes; 4. Affective-cognitive consistency theory examines the relationship between attitudes and beliefs and posits that individuals are in an unstable state when their attitudes towards an object, event or person and their knowledge about that object, event, or person are inconsistent (Simonson & Maushak, 2001). & McGregor, J. In The affective domain: A resource book for media specialists (pp. Learning that is associated with feelings rather than knowledge or skills, such as learning to accept an idea or concept, or learning to appreciate a point of view. Martin, B.L. <<86379FAD8AA9B2110A0000F97039FF7F>]/Prev 838465>> A 1984 study by Ball-Rokeach et al. The most effective persuasive messages are those "that get the audience to think about an issue or object in concrete, vivid images that have definite implications for behavior" (Zimbardo & Leippe, 1991, p. 194). Attitudes are learned or established predispositions to respond (Zimbardo & Leippe, 1991). The overflowing trash bags create cognitive dissonance, and their research helps them develop attractive dissonance-reducing choices. The Affective Domain includes five areas of emotional response, categorized as simple to complex ways of processing feelings and attitude. 1986). endobj Attitude change is any alteration in the direction, degree, or intensity of an attitude. Affective objectives vary from simple attention to selected phenomena to complex but internally with consistent qualities of character and conscience. By the end of the week, the room is becoming a cluttered and somewhat smelly place. These are: Smith and Ragan (1999) focus on the behavioral aspect of attitude learning and emphasize the importance of three key instructional approaches: Bednar & Levie (1993) make similar recommendations: When designing instruction for attitude change, "three approaches emerge from the theoretical literature: providing a persuasive message; modeling and reinforcing appropriate behavior; and inducing dissonance between the cognitive, affective, and behavioral components of the attitude. They vary in direction (positive or negative), degree (amount of positive or negative feeling), and intensity (the level of commitment the individual has to the position). Washington, DC: Gryphon House. The model must be credible to the target audience (Bednar & Levie, 1993). Edwards, A.L. (1993). he referred to the way that most of us were taught to go to church. The suffragists the students learn about serve as models for pro-voting behavior. This disturbing finding was echoed by Alderfer et al. Therefore, in assessing attitude learning, any Likert-type scales or similar close-ended measurements should be used in tandem with more open-ended instruments. Teaching and Learning in Affective Domain. The media game: American politics in the television age . These different categories create three domains of learning. found that uninterrupted home viewers of a persuasive half-hour television program called The Great American Values Test showed significant change in attitudes toward race, gender equality, and environmental protection, and that residents in the experimental viewing area were 60% more likely to respond positively to solicitations from groups associated with those issues than were residents of the control city (where the experimental program was not broadcast). In Ms. Wallace's ecology class, students are gradually forced to confront the accumulating consequences of their trash production. %%EOF Mahway, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. An observed behavior does not have to be reinforced to be learned (Zimbardo & Leippe, 1991), and the model "can be presented on film, by television, in a novel, or by other vicarious means" (Martin & Briggs, 1986, p. 28). Krathwohl, Bloom and Marill (1964) developed a taxonomy of objectives which is oriented to feelings or affection. Each completes one another with respect to learners’ important domains. Alderfer, C.P., Alderfer, C.J., Bell, E.L. & Jones, J. Students whose diet and exercise habits were not consistent with good health probably experienced cognitive and affective dissonance during the lessons. 215-226. Social learning theories of attitude change are closely related to theories that emphasize the role of social learning in cognitive development. The video is shown at a PTA meeting, and each student receives a copy to take home. A tendency toward passive viewing of mediated messages may be reduced by instructing students to attend and alerting them to the fact that the content will be tested (Wetzel et al., 1994). Affective Learning Outcomes. h�b```b``������� Ā B@1v���#�a���ݠ��y�����FS8O2=:0���*[�To �)\�L70] a1���Fo��cofw�: 5�O���ۻx��+�oO���һi�F�
�ndF�M��J�"�>Ӭ����b�[I;2#���G�'�*��J�eI�����#�lV�:�2Mj����V{ %_]�e2I�XvT5P��u���g��.�r&=`�������5cL6J�]�ixY��ި�)*�SҶ�����:c��ao��o�r-3^ The entire class works together to write and film a rap video about the importance of good nutrition and exercise. What is Affective Learning Outcomes. APA Citation: Miller, M. (2005). 0 This theory suggests that an individual learns attitudes by observing the behaviors of others and modeling or imitating them (McDonald & Kielsmeier, 1970). This taxonomy describes someone in the process of recognizing and adopting a certain values and attitudes that guide him in the act.. A. Instructional technology research findings do generally suggest that "mediated instruction does contribute to desired attitudinal outcomes in learners, especially when the instruction is designed specifically to produce certain attitudes or attitude changes" (Simonson & Maushak, 2001, p. 1000, emphasis in original). 0000002301 00000 n
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Similarly, consistency theories assume that individuals need to have consistency between and among their attitudes and behaviors and will modify one or both to achieve this balance (Zimbardo & Leippe, 1991). Thus, the importance of confirming and strengthening existing positive attitudes should not be overlooked. Retrieved
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