From this point of view is thorium fuel cycle is very promising. Toxicology : Thorium Dioxide emits alpha … CAS-No. CAS-No. Dr. Ms Jane Li, (National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Magong, Penghu, Republic of China) Thorium Oxide Powder is used as a stabilizer in tungsten electrodes in TIG welding, electron tubes, and aircraft engines. This glow is unrelated to radioactivity and comes from the chemical interactions with cerium and oxygen. Cancer: 02/27/1987. An alloy containing 44.1 weight % thorium and 55.9 weight % nickel is prepared by arc melting the components on a water cooled copper hearth in a … Used as an alloying element in magnesium, to coat tungsten wire in electrical equipment. 2 Since that time, many reports concerning its use in small series of cases have been recorded. Lithium-6 deuteride is reportedly the fuel used in nuclear fusion bombs. Appearance: Silvery. Thorium dioxide is used for heat resistant ceramics. as a dense white powder and formerly used as a contrast medium in radiography called also thorium oxide, thorotrast. These mantles, consisting of thorium oxide with about 1% cerium oxide and other ingredients, glow with a dazzling light when heated in a gas flame. When the requirement of thoria pellets was received, the process parameters of uranium oxide were used for pressing and sintering thorium oxide [15]. Until the 1950s, thorium dioxide was used as a contrast agent (called Thorotrast) in medical radiology. It is moderately rare and crystallizes in an isometric system. — called also thoria. Thorium dioxide. The amounts are usually very small and pose little health hazard. Below about 1,360 °C (2,480 °F), the metal exists in the Density 9.7 g / cm3. Its use was discontinued because of the reported incidences of malignancy following injection. California Prop. It is used in ceramics, in nuclear fuels, as a catalyst, and in electrodes for arc welding. Thorium dioxide (ThO 2 ), also called thorium (IV) oxide (IUPAC) is a white, crystalline powder. It was formerly known as thoria or thorina. It is produced mainly as a by-product of lanthanide and uranium production [1] . The compound is radioactive due to the radioactivity of thorium. Thorium dioxide can be used as a nuclear fuel. The Li+ ion is used in the treatment of mental disorders; for example, lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) for … From: Principles of … 33 Related Question Answers Found What are 3 uses for thorium? Thorium oxide synonyms, Thorium oxide pronunciation, Thorium oxide translation, English dictionary definition of Thorium oxide. EXAMPLE 1. 2) have been the subject of many scientific investigations. Other names thoria thorium anhydride The apprehension regarding the use of thorotrast is based primarily upon its radio-active properties. Thorium Dioxide Toxicity Identification and Uses : CAS Number :1314-20-1 Thorium Dioxide is a heavy, white, crystalline (sand-like) powder. Thorotrast™, as a high density stain for transmission electron microscopy began in the 1950s when colloids of 7 nm were mainly used to trace the fate of Thorotrast™ in the tissues of mice and rats. Making thorium dioxide is expensive, in part because its melting point is the highest of all oxides, at 3,300° C. Thorium dioxide has the highest melting point of all known oxides, according to Chemicool. The carbon can be removed prior to use of the catalyst by any suitable means such as by treatment with a reducing gas such as hydrogen. If you have any questions, comments, or concerns about the content of this page, please click here. Follow … The ‘Substance identity’ section is calculated from substance identification information from all ECHA databases. Thorium is about as abundant as lead and at least three times as abundant as uranium, according to Lenntech . The high thermal stability of thorium dioxide allows applications in flame spraying and high-temperature ceramics. Thorium dioxide is used as a stabilizer in tungsten electrodes in TIG welding, electron tubes, and aircraft gas turbine engines. 1314-20-1. thorium processing, preparation of the ore for use in various products. Listed as Causing Cancer. No chemicals are reportable under Section 313. Thorium dioxide. If you have any questions, comments, or concerns about the content of this page, please click here. Thorium is about as abundant as lead and at least three times as abundant as uranium, according to Lenntech . Thorotrast is known t … Thorium Dioxide . They are also an interesting example of how high ionic conductivity can arise by processes other than structural disorder. As an alloy, thoriated tungsten metal is not easily deformed because the high fusion material thoria augments the high temperature mechanical properties, and thorium helps stimulate the emission of electrons ( thermions ). Appearance: Silvery. General []. Thorium dioxide was utilized as a radiographic contrast agent; however, it is no longer considered safe for use in human patients because it was found to be a carcinogen that can cause cholangiocarcinoma. A radioactive silvery-white metallic element that is recovered commercially from monazite. Thorium dioxide is radio-opaque, and so as fine particulate suspension (“Thorotrast”), and was widely and commonly used as a “contrast” agent in radiology. Explore information about Air pollutants, contaminants and studies being done Thorium dioxide Thorium(IV) oxide. 2) and uranium dioxide (UO. So thorium is not usable as a fuel directly, but is instead a fertile nucleus that can be converted to uranium in a reactor. : a refractory crystalline compund ThO2 obtained usually as a dense white powder by igniting thorium nitrate and used chiefly in incandescent gas mantles, in crucibles and refractories, in silica-free optical glass, and in catalysts. Thorium dioxide. New Jersey Right to Know Components. Thorium dioxide definition: a heavy insoluble white powder used in incandescent mantles . Formula: ThO 2 | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples OTHER INFORMATION. After most of the thorium is removed, the rocks are called “depleted” ore or tailings. Will tarnish when exposed to air, since it reacts with oxygen to form thorium dioxide. The compound produced is mixed with dilute nitric acid and then washed with water, alcohol, and ether. As an alloy, thoriated tungsten metal is not easily deformed because the high fusion material thoria augments the high temperature mechanical properties, and thorium helps stimulate the emission of electrons ( thermions ). Thorium dioxide is used as a material in heat-resistant ceramics, especially those used to create crucibles. By Carmen Lillard On Jul 29, 2021. This is then heated with calcium, sodium or magnesium. However, thorium is a much safer alternative, as the metal can avoid nuclear meltdowns. and changed into thorium dioxide or other chemical forms. This material does not contain any Class 1 Ozone depletors. Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No. One of the biggest challenges in developing a thorium reactor is finding a way to fabricate the fuel economically. um dioxide is 10 to 15 percent higher than that of uranium dioxide, making it easier for heat to flow out of the slender fuel rods used inside a reactor. Thorium Dioxide is not at a high enough concentration to be reportable under Section 313. … What is more, the melting point of thorium dioxide is about 500 degrees Celsius higher than that of uranium dioxide, and this difference provides an added margin of safety in the event of a tem- A catalyst is a substance used to speed up or slow down a chemical reaction without undergoing any change itself. Thorium dioxide is used as a stabilizer in tungsten electrodes in TIG welding, electron tubes, and aircraft gas turbine engines. 1.0 to 1.7 nm) has been originally described by Müller 22 and Groot 11 and these have been used by Groot to stain acidic glucosaminoglycans for ultrastructure research of different tissues by conventional transmission electron microscopy. Only a few elements (including tungsten and carbon) and a few compounds (including tantalum carbide) … Thorium is not used for everyday life. More than 2.5 million people worldwide were exposed to thorium in Thorotrast between 1930 and 1950. Well, maybe quite a bit of support. Cationic hydrous thorium dioxide colloids (named here cThO2) trace acidic groups in EPS. um dioxide is 10 to 15 percent higher than that of uranium dioxide, making it easier for heat to flow out of the slender fuel rods used inside a reactor. The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. Thorium dioxide (ThO(2)) is of great interest to energy research as thorium-based nuclear fuel offers the promise of increased proliferation resistance, longer fuel cycles, higher burn-up and improved wasteform characteristics in the generation of nuclear power. It is also added to glass to improve refractive index and decrease dispersion. Main source of radioactivity is the use of thorium oxide (up to 30% by weight) as a component of the glass used in the lens elements. This table shows how each list refers to the substance. There are a significant number of lenses produced from the 1940s through the 1970s that are measurably radioactive. Isotopes. REASON FOR CITATION * Thorium Dioxide is on the Hazardous Substance List Thorium dioxide has the highest melting point of all known oxides, according to Chemicool. Thorium dioxide was used in Welsbach gas mantles in the 19th century and today these mantles may still be found in camping lanterns. Revision Date 1993-04-24. Heat transfer, fuel expansion, and related physical properties are of particular interest for fuel rods used in nuclear power plants, 3. where heat must be transferred from the thorium dioxide n a refractory crystalline compound obtained usu. Listed as Causing Cancer. Also known as thoria, it is produced mainly as a by-product of lanthanide and uranium production. So proven designs for thorium-based reactors exist and need but for some support. Thorium dioxide. What does thorium mean? Also called thoria, thorium oxide. Aboundance on Earth. thorium dioxide. Thorium dioxide is used for heat resistant ceramics. It is moderately rare and crystallizes in an isometric system. Only after conversion to uranium does thorium become useful as a nuclear fuel. As thorium is radioactive, its uses mainly lie in nuclear fuel applications. Doped zirconia dioxide and thorium dioxide are important solid electrolytes that owe their conductivity to transport of oxygen ions. EPA Applications/Systems. Thorium Dioxide Pelletizing Uranium oxide powder was being compacted and sintered on tonnage scale in India since the early seventies. Thorium and its preparations disintegrate into mesothorium, radiothorium, thorium X, thorium emanation, thorium A, B, C, C′, C″ (2, 3), until the products of disintegration accumulate and … Thorium dioxide is used as a stabilizer in tungsten electrodes in TIG welding, electron tubes, and aircraft engines. Used in manufacturing of lenses for cameras and scientific instruments. See Article History. Radioactivity in old camera lenses is due mostly to the widespread use of thorium glass elements in the 1940s, ’50s, ’60s and ’70s. Thorium has the potential to be used as a fuel for generating nuclear energy. Thorium is also used to coat tungsten filaments used in electronic devices, such at television sets. Thorium (Th) is a dense (11.7 grams per cubic centimetre) silvery metal that is softer than steel. Alternative Title: Th. Current power plants use uranium and plutonium. Some thorium uses: - fertile material (as ThO2) in nuclear power reactors; is a precursor of the fissile isotope 233U. Likewise, How is thorium made? Thorium fuel used in a LFTR has the potential to achieve approximately 200 times the fuel efficiency as uranium fuel used in existing reactors. The one device in which most people are likely to have seen thorium dioxide is in portable gas lanterns. 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